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Endangered species in Turkey: A specific review of endangered Fabaceae species with IUCN Red List data

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 1, 53 - 65, 31.03.2021
https://doi.org/10.38059/biodiversity.832706

Öz

Many species that are not endangered today will likely be threatened in the future because of the growing population, the rising need for industrial and urban development and agricultural practices, the increasing threats of invasive species, and the effects of climate change. Therefore, actions aiming to maintain viable populations for all threatened or non-threatened species should be based on in-situ conservation of the species. These action plans should be classified as species management, action, conservation, or rescue plans depending on the degree of intervention required. For the future species management plans, in this study, the species belonging to the Fabaceae family (Lathyrus, Astragalus, Vicia, Lotus, Thermopsis), which are in the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List and under threat of extinction in Turkey, has been reviewed based on the details about (1) their biogeographic regions, (2) habitats, (3) ecological characteristics, (4) potential threats, (5) economic importance, (6) ethnobotanical features and (7) usage opportunities among the people. Additionally, this study evaluates up-to-date records of the species' locations. As a result of the evaluations, the most critical threats to the natural habitats of the species belonging to the Fabaceae family are climate change, overgrazing, land reclamation, haymaking and erosion, deterioration caused by dam construction, and urbanization. Agriculture and anthropogenic habitat loss and degradation are also important threats. According to this study, it is vital to take the necessary conservation measures and develop conservation awareness for the future. Additionally, it is essential to determine these species' usage areas and determine their ecological and economic importance. The preparation of action plans for the conservation of species and the development of sustainable conservation and usage strategies, including genetic diversity, depend on the investigation of these species in all aspects.

Kaynakça

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  • Ahmad F, Gaur PM, Croser JS (2005). Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). In: Singh RJ, Jauhar PP (eds). Genetic Resources, Chromosome Engineering, and Crop Improvement, Vol 1. Taylor & Francis Group, pp. 229–267.
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Türkiye’de tehlike altındaki türler: IUCN Kırmızı Liste verileri ile tehlike altındaki Fabaceae türlerine yönelik özel bir inceleme

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 1, 53 - 65, 31.03.2021
https://doi.org/10.38059/biodiversity.832706

Öz

Habitatlar üzerinde devam eden baskı ile artan nüfus, endüstriyel ve kentsel gelişim, artan tarım uygulamaları, istilacı türlerin artan tehditleri ve iklim değişikliğinin etkileri ile birlikte bugün tehlike altında olmayan birçok tür, gelecekte büyük olasılıkla tehdit altına girecektir. Bu nedenle tehdit altında olan ya da olmayan tüm türler için yaşayabilir popülasyonların sürdürülmesini sağlamak amacı ile ortaya koyulan eylemler, türlerin yerinde korunmasını esas almalı ve bu eylem planları gerekli müdahale derecesine bağlı olarak tür yönetimi, eylem, koruma veya kurtarma planları olarak sınıflandırılmalıdır. Bu çalışmada, gelecekte gerçekleştirilmesi önerilen tür yönetimi planlarındaki ilk adım olması amacı ile Dünya Doğa ve Doğal Kaynakları Koruma Birliği (IUCN) Kırmızı Listesi’nde yer alan ve ülkemizde soyu tükenme tehlikesi altında bulunan Fabaceae familyasına ait türlerin (Lathyrus, Astragalus, Vicia, Lotus, Thermopsis) detaylı bir araştırması gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışmada, (1) Fabaceae familyasına ait türlerin yayılış gösterdiği biyocoğrafik bölgelere, (2) yetiştiği habitatlara, (3) ekolojik özelliklerine, (5) karşı karşıya oldukları tehditlere, (6) ekonomik önemlerine, (7) etnobotanik özelliklerine ve halk arasındaki kullanım olanaklarına ilişkin detaylara yer verilmiştir. Ayrıca bu çalışma ile, türlerin lokasyonlarına ait güncel kayıtlar da değerlendirilmiştir. Yapılan değerlendirmeler sonucunda familyaya ait türlerin doğal yaşam alanlarına yönelik en önemli tehdit unsurlarının iklim değişikliği, aşırı otlatma, arazi ıslahı, saman yapma ve erozyon, baraj yapımı ve kentleşmenin neden olduğu bozulmalar olduğu görülmüştür. Tarımsal faaliyetler ve insan kaynaklı habitat kaybı ve bozulmaları da önemli tehdit unsurlarındandır. Bu çalışmaya göre ülkemizin önemli genetik zenginliklerinden olan ve IUCN Kırmızı Liste’sindeki Fabaceae familyasına ait türlerin nesillerini devam ettirebilmeleri amacı ile gerekli koruma önlemlerinin alınması ve koruma bilincinin geliştirilmesi gerekmektedir. Ayrıca, bu türlerin kullanım alanlarının belirlenmesi, ekolojik ve ekonomik önemlerinin saptanması son derece önemlidir. Türlerin korunmasına yönelik eylem planlarının hazırlanması ve genetik çeşitliliğin de içinde yer aldığı sürdürülebilir koruma ve kullanım stratejilerinin geliştirilmesi ise bu türlerin tüm yönleriyle araştırılmasına bağlıdır.

Kaynakça

  • Abbo S, Berger J, Turner NC (2003). Evolution of cultivated chickpea: Four bottlenecks limit diversity and constrain adaptation. Functional Plant Biology 30(10): 1081–1087. DOI: 10.1071/FP03084.
  • Abbo S, Can C, Lev-Yadun S, Ozaslan M (2008). Traditional farming systems in south-eastern Turkey: The imperative of in situ conservation of endangered wild annual Cicer species. In: Maxted N, Ford-Lloyd BV, Kell SP, Iriondo JM, Dulloo E, Turok J (eds). Crop wild relative conservation and use, CAB International, Cambridge, USA and Wallingford, UK.
  • Ahmad F, Gaur PM, Croser JS (2005). Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). In: Singh RJ, Jauhar PP (eds). Genetic Resources, Chromosome Engineering, and Crop Improvement, Vol 1. Taylor & Francis Group, pp. 229–267.
  • Açıkders (2018). Türkiye’nin Floristik Yapısı. Ankara Üniversitesi.
  • Altın M (1991). Yem bitkileri yetiştirme tekniği. Trakya Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Yayınları, No: 114.
  • ANTOK (2018). Apollo’dan Athena’ya Antik Kentler&Endemik Çiçekler-Arazi Çalışmaları. Published on the internet. https://www.antok.org.tr/tr/etkinlik/apollodan-athenaya-antik-kentlerendemik-cicekler-arazi-calismalari-20.html. Downloaded on 25 October 2020.
  • Aytaç Z, Ekici M (2014a). Astragalus acmophylloides. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2014. Published on the internet. https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2014-1.RLTS.T199931A2620630.en. Downloaded on 20 August 2020.
  • Aytaç Z, Ekici M (2014b). Astragalus longivexillatus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2014. Published on the internet. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2014-1.RLTS.T199936A2620942.en. Downloaded on 15 August 2020.
  • Aytaç Z, Ekici M (2014c). Astragalus nigrocalycinus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2014. Published on the internet. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.20141.RLTS.T199948A2621768.en. Downloaded on 25 August 2020.
  • Aytaç Z, Ekici M (2014d). Astragalus olurensis. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2014. Published on the internet. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2014-1.RLTS.T200625A2673926.en. Downloaded on 01 September 2020.
  • Aytaç Z, Ekici M (2014e). Astragalus tatlii. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2014. Published on the internet. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2014-1.RLTS.T200624A2673850.en. Downloaded on 05 September 2020.
  • Aytaç Z, Ekici M (2014f). Astragalus eliasianus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2014. Published on the internet. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2014-1.RLTS.T199949A2621844.en. Downloaded 10 September 2020.
  • Babac MT (2004). Possibility of an information system on plants of South-West Asia with particular reference to the Turkish Plants Data Service (TÜBİVES). Turkish Journal of Botany, 28: 119-127.
  • Bakis Y, Babac MT, Uslu E (2011). Updates and improvements of Turkish Plants Data Service (TÜBİVES). In Health Informatics and Bioinformatics (HIBIT), 6th International Symposium, IEEE.
  • Başbağ M, Çaçan E, Sayar MS, Karan H (2017). Some shrub and tree taxa in the grassland-pasture and natural vegetation of Turkey. Middle East Journal of Science, 3(2): 115-128, DOI: 10.23884/mejs.2017.3.2.06.
  • Başbağ M, Kavak B, Fırat M, Çaçan E, Sayar MS (2018). Türkiye florasında yer alan endemik Astragalus taksonları. International Congress on Agriculture on Animal Sciences, November, Alanya, Turkey.
  • BGCI (2017). PlantSearch. Botanic Gardens Conservation International, London. Published on the internet. https://www.bgci.org/plant_search.php. Downloaded on 16 May 2020.
  • Britannica (2021). Classification of Fabaceae. Published on the internet. https://www.britannica.com/plant/Fabales/Classification-of-Fabaceae. Downloaded on 29 March 2021.
  • Bressani R, Elias LG (1979). The world protein and nutrition situation. In: Seed Proteins Improvement in Cereals and Grain Legumes (1th ed. pp. 3-23). International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna.
  • Cenkci S, Kargıoğlu M, Dayan S, Konuk M (2007). Endangered status and propagation of an endemic plant species, Thermopsis turcica (Fabaceae). Asian Journal of Plant Sciences 6(2): 288-293. DOI: 10.3923/ajps.2007.288.293.
  • Davis PH (eds) (1965-1985). Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press,
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  • GBIF (2013). Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) data portal. Collection of online herbarium specimens. Published on the internet. http://data.gbif.org. Downloaded on 30 July 2020.
  • Genç H, Şahin A (2011). A new species of Lathyrus L. (Fabaceae) from Turkey. Journal of Systematics and Evolution, 505-508. DOI: 10.1111/j.1759-6831.2011.00159_1.x.
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  • Gözen BG (2012). Seksiyonlar: Ervum ve Cracca Taksonları Üzerinde Karpolojik ve Mikromorfolojik Araştırmalar. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, İstanbul Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü.
  • Güner A, Aslan S, Ekim T, Vural M, Babaç MT (2012). Türkiye Bitkileri Listesi (Damarlı Bitkiler). Nezahat Gökyiğit Botanik Bahçesi ve Flora Araştırmaları Derneği Yayını, İstanbul.
  • Heywood VH, Brummitt RK, Culham A, Seberg O (2007). Flowering Plant Families of The World, Royal Botanic Gardens (RGB), Kew.
  • ILDIS (2010). International Legume Database & Information Service. University of Reading, UK. Published on the internet. http://www.ildis.org/LegumeWeb. Downloaded on 25 July 2020.
  • IUCN (2014). The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2014.1. Published on the internet. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded on 10 May 2020.
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  • Kahraman A, Cildir H, Dogan M, Buyukkartal HN (2017). Multivariate analysis of some species of the genus Lathyrus L. (Papilionoideae, Fabaceae) based on anatomical, micromorphological and macromorphological data. Uşak Üniversitesi Fen ve Doğa Bilimleri Dergisi, 65-84.
  • Kenicer GJ, Kajita T, Pennington RT, Murata J (2005). Systematics and biogeography of Lathyrus (Leguminosae) based on internal transcribed spacer and cpDNA sequence data. American Journal of Botany, 92: 1199–1209. DOI: 10.3732/ajb.92.7.1199.
  • Küçüker O (2011) Bitki Morfolojisi (Kapalı Tohumlu Bitkiler) Ders Notları, İstanbul Üniversitesi Fen Fakültesi, İstanbul.
  • Maassoumi AA (1998). Astragalus in the Old World, check list.
  • Maxted N, Goyder DJ (1988). A new species of Lathyrus sect. Lathyrus (Leguminosae Papilionoideae) from Turkey. Kew Bulletin, 43(4): 711-714. DOI:10.2307/4129970.
  • Maxted N (1995). An ecogeographical study of Vicia subgenus Vicia systematic and ecogeographic studies. Crop Genepools 8. International Plant Genetic Resources Institute, Rome, Italy.
  • Maxted N, Ford-Lloyd BV, Jury S, Kell S, Scholten M (2006). Towards a definition of a crop wild relative. Biodiversity and Conservation, 15: 2673-2685.
  • Maxted N, Kell S, Ford-Lloyd B, Dulloo E, Toledo Á (2012). Toward the systematic conservation of global crop wild relative diversity. Crop Science, 52: 1-12. DOI:10.2135/cropsci2011.08.0415.
  • Özhatay N, Byfield A, Atay S (2005). Türkiye’nin 122 Onemli Bitki Alani. WWF Türkiye, İstanbul.
  • Petrova A, Vladimirov V (eds) (2009). Red list of Bulgarian vascular plants. Phytologia Balcanica 15(1): 63-94.
  • Phaselis Araştırmaları (2013). Phaselis’te Yetişen Bir Bitki: “Lathyrus phaselitanus”. Published on the internet. http://www.phaselis.org/news/phaseliste-yetisen-bir-bitki-lathyrus-phaselitanus. Downloaded on 25 October 2020.
  • Polhill R M, Raven PH (1981). Advences in Legume Systematics. Royal Botanic Gardens (RGB), Kew.
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  • Ramsay GR, Pickersgill B (1986). Interspecific hybridisation between Vicia faba and other species of Vicia: approaches delaying embryo abortion. Biologisches Zentralblatt, 105: 171-179.
  • Rowe J, Maxted N (2019). Lathyrus belinensis. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2019. Published on the internet. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-2.RLTS.T176094A120103864.en. Downloaded on 20 September 2020.
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  • Wikipedia (2021). Bakla. Published on the internet. https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bakla. Downloaded on 29 March 2021.
Toplam 76 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Derleme Makaleler
Yazarlar

Fulya Aydın 0000-0001-5101-6406

Aynur Demir 0000-0002-7856-2789

Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Mart 2021
Gönderilme Tarihi 28 Kasım 2020
Kabul Tarihi 30 Mart 2021
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2021Cilt: 4 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Aydın, F., & Demir, A. (2021). Türkiye’de tehlike altındaki türler: IUCN Kırmızı Liste verileri ile tehlike altındaki Fabaceae türlerine yönelik özel bir inceleme. Turkish Journal of Biodiversity, 4(1), 53-65. https://doi.org/10.38059/biodiversity.832706

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Türk Biyoçeşitlilik Dergisi Creative Commons Alıntı-GayriTicari-Türetilemez 4.0 Uluslararası Lisansı ile lisanslanmıştır.