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İki tarla bitkisinde Euphorbia hirta ve PEG 6000 ile oluşan engelleyici etkilerin karşılaştırması üzerine bir ön çalışma

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 1, 1 - 6, 31.03.2021
https://doi.org/10.38059/biodiversity.882005

Öz

Euphorbia hirta, diğer bitkiler üzerinde olumsuz etkiye sahip istilacı bir yabancı ot türü olarak dünyanın bütün tropikal bölgelerinde yaygın olarak bulunmaktadır. Yürütülen çalışmada, Phaseolus vulgaris L. (Fasulye) ve Cicer arietinum L. (Nohut) çimlenme ve büyüme kriteri üzerine (i) E. hirta'nın kök salgılarının etkileri (0, 50, 75 ve %100 konsantrasyon), (ii) PEG 6000'nin (8, 16 ve 40 g/l konsantrasyon) “Polietilen glikol” etkisi olmak üzere iki önemli husus bulunmaktadır. Bu bakımdan bütün solüsyonların osmotik potansiyeli dengelenmiştir. Sütleğen bitkisinin kök salgılarının çimlenme oranını önemli ölçüde (p <0.05) etkilediği, PEG'in ise büyüme aktivitesi üzerinde olumlu veya olumsuz bir etkisinin olmadığı gözlemlenmiştir. PEG solüsyonları ve sütleğen bitkisi her iki üründeki büyüme parametrelerini değiştirmiş, C. arietinum'un kök uzunluğunda PEG (11.97 cm)'in aksine en yüksek oranda inhibisyon kök salgıları uygulamasında (3.5 cm) kaydedilmiştir. Bu durum alelokimyasalların varlığından kaynaklanmış olabilir. En yüksek pH (7.9) nötr kontrol örneklerine göre daha güçlü bir bazik yapısı olan %100 sütleğen otu indüksiyonundan elde edilmiş, yapılan uygulamalar ayrıca pH değerlerini de yükseltmiştir. Çalışmadaki her iki test bitkisi karşılaştırıldığında C. arietinum'un P. vulgaris'ten daha fazla etkilendiği görülmüştür. İki yönlü varyans analizine göre (Two-way ANOVA) her iki uygulamanın test bitkilerinin çimlenme ve büyümesi üzerindeki etkileri grup içerisinde (her bir uygulama konsantrasyonları) az oranda önemli olmasına rağmen (p <0.1) her iki uygulama arasında önemli bir fark (p <0.05) oluşturmuştur. Bu inhibisyonun sütleğen bitkisinin (Euphorbia hirta) kök salgılarının Cicer arietinum ve Phaseolus vulgaris bitkileri üzerine alelopatik etkisine karşı güçlü bir yanıt olarak ortaya çıktığı düşünülmektedir.

Kaynakça

  • Ahmed R, Uddin MB, Hossain MK (2004). Allelopathic effects of leaf extracts of Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehn. on agricultural crops. Bangladesh journal of Botany 33: 79–84.
  • Alam SM (1991). Weed Science Problem in Pakistan. Pakistan Journal of Ecology 3 (9): 25-29.
  • Asad M, Khan A, Jahan B (2020). Variation in biomass production of sunflower (Helianthus annuus) plants under the influence of Lemongrass (Cymbopogon erectus) extract. Turkish Journal of Biodiversity 3(2): 54-59.
  • Ashrafi ZY, Sadeghi S, Mashhadi HR (2007). Allelopathic effects of barley (Hordeum vulgare) on germination and growth of wild barley (H. spontaneum). Pakistan Journal of Weed Science Research 13(1/2): 99-112.
  • Baskin CC, Baskin JM (2001). Seeds – Ecology, Biogeography and Evolution of Dormancy and Germination, New York: Academic Press,.
  • Bell DT (1974). The influence of osmotic pressure in tests for allelopathy. Trans. 111, State Academy Science 67: 312-317.
  • Chaves N, Sosa T, Escudero JC (2001). Plant growth inhibiting flavonoids in exudates of Cistus ladanifer and in associated soils. Journal of Chemical Ecology 27: 623 – 631.
  • Dalziel JM (1937). The useful plants of West Tropical Africa. Crown Agents for the colonies. London, 52 - 560.
  • Ferreira MI, Reinhardt CF, Rijst MVD, Marais A, Botha A (2017). Allelopathic root leachate effects of Lolium multiflorum x L. perenne on crops and the concomitant changes in metabolic potential of the soil microbial community as indicated by the biologecoplate. International Journal of Plant and Soil Science 19(5): 1-14.
  • Friedman J, Orshan G, Ziger-C fir Y (1977). Suppression of annuals by Artemisia berba-alba in the Negev desert of Israel. Journal of Ecology 65: 413-426.
  • Garg C, Sharma K, Sharma A, Ram K (2019). Effect of mannitol concentration on chilli genotypes. Global Journal of Bio- Science and Bio-Technology 8 (1): 15- 19
  • Gentili R, Ambrosini R, Montagnani C, Caronni S, Citterio S (2018). Effect of Soil pH on the Growth, Reproductive Investment and Pollen Allergenicity of Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. Frontier Plant Sciences 9: 1335.
  • Inderjit K, Callaway RM (2003). Experimental designs for the study of allelopathy. Plant & Soil 256: 1-11.
  • Kerharo J, Adam JG (1974). La Pharmacopie Senegalese Tradionelle. Pl. Med. et Tox. Vigot Freses, Paris.
  • Khalid AK, Cai W (2011). The effects of mannitol and salinity stresses on growth and biochemical accumulations in lemon balm. Acta Ecologica Sinica 31: 112- 120.
  • Khandakar AL, Bradbeer JW (1983). Jute seed quality. Bangladesh Agricultural Research Council.
  • Khan A, Ahmed M, Shaukat SS (2018). Allelopathy: an overview. FUUAST Journal of Biology 8(2): 331-350.
  • Khan A, Ahmed M, Khan A, Ahmed F (2020). Dynamics of highly disturbed pine species around Murree hills of Pakistan; A preliminary study. Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Science 57(6): 1597-1606.
  • Pawar B, Rawal K (2014). Influence of petal leachate of Delonix regia on germination and seedling growth of chick pea. International Journal of Current Research 6: 6983-6988.
  • Radhouane L (2007). Response of Tunisian autochthonous pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.) to drought stress induced by polyethylene glycol (PEG) 6000. African Journal of Biotechnology 6: 1102-1105.
  • Rawat LS, Maikhuri RK, Vikram K, Negi S (2013). Inhibitory effect of leachate from Helianthus annuus on germination and growth of Kharif crops and weeds. Acta Ecologica Sinica Elsevier. 33: 245–252.
  • Rice EL (1984). Allelopathy. 2nd ed. Acad. Press, New York, USA.
  • Ridenour WM, Callaway RM (2001). The relative importance of allelopathy in interference: the effects of an invasive weed on a native bunchgrass. Oecologia 126: 444–450
  • Salam IU, Ahmed M, Hussain F (2018). A Study of different parameters of osmotic potential compared with weed (Chenopodium Album) on wheat and Chickpea crop. Pakistan Journal of Botany 50(3), 963-967.
  • Shankar RM, Shanmugham V, Sirajunnisa R, Ramasamy R (2014). Effect of Allelochemicals from Leaf Leachates of Gmelina arborea on Inhibition of Some Essential Seed Germination Enzymes in Green Gram, Red Gram, Black Gram, and Chickpea. International School of Research Notiica, 1-7.
  • Wardle DA, Nicholson KS, Ahmed M (1992). Comparison of osmotic and allelopathic effects of grass leaf extracts on grass seed germination and radicle elongation. Plant and Soil 140: 315-319.

A preliminary study on the comparison of inhibitory effects induced by PEG 6000 and Euphorbia hirta in two crop plants

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 1, 1 - 6, 31.03.2021
https://doi.org/10.38059/biodiversity.882005

Öz

Euphorbia hirta is commonly found in all tropical regions of the world, as invasive weed with an adverse effect on other plants. The current study features two important aspects: (i), Effects of E. hirta roots exudates (0, 50, 75 and 100% concentrations) (ii), Influence of PEG 6000 “Polyethylene glycol” (8, 16 and 40 g/l concentrations) on germination and growth criterion of Cicer arietinum (Chick pea) and Phaseolus vulgaris (French bean). In this regard osmotic potential of all the solutions have been balanced. It is observed that the root leachates of spurge weed significantly (p < 0.05) affected the germination rate while PEG has no positive or negative effect on growth activity. The growth parameters in both crops have altered by spurge weed and PEG solutions while highest inhibition was recorded in root length root exudates (3.5 cm) of C. arietinum which is in contrast to PEG (11.97 cm), this might be due to the presence of allelochemicals. The prescribed treatments also raised their pH values, where highest pH (7.9) obtained from 100% spurge weed induction which is relatively a stronger basic nature rather than neutral control samples. Comparative studies of both test crops shows that C. arietinum has appeared to be more influential than P. vulgaris. Two-way ANOVA has produced a significant difference (p < 0.05) between the effects of both treatments on germination and growth of test crops while within group (concentrations of each treatment) are weakly significant (p < 0.1) to each other. This would rather intimates that the inhibition has strongly emerged as an allelopathic response on Cicer arietinum and Phaseolus vulgaris plants by the induction of spurge weed (Euphorbia hirta) root exudates.

Kaynakça

  • Ahmed R, Uddin MB, Hossain MK (2004). Allelopathic effects of leaf extracts of Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehn. on agricultural crops. Bangladesh journal of Botany 33: 79–84.
  • Alam SM (1991). Weed Science Problem in Pakistan. Pakistan Journal of Ecology 3 (9): 25-29.
  • Asad M, Khan A, Jahan B (2020). Variation in biomass production of sunflower (Helianthus annuus) plants under the influence of Lemongrass (Cymbopogon erectus) extract. Turkish Journal of Biodiversity 3(2): 54-59.
  • Ashrafi ZY, Sadeghi S, Mashhadi HR (2007). Allelopathic effects of barley (Hordeum vulgare) on germination and growth of wild barley (H. spontaneum). Pakistan Journal of Weed Science Research 13(1/2): 99-112.
  • Baskin CC, Baskin JM (2001). Seeds – Ecology, Biogeography and Evolution of Dormancy and Germination, New York: Academic Press,.
  • Bell DT (1974). The influence of osmotic pressure in tests for allelopathy. Trans. 111, State Academy Science 67: 312-317.
  • Chaves N, Sosa T, Escudero JC (2001). Plant growth inhibiting flavonoids in exudates of Cistus ladanifer and in associated soils. Journal of Chemical Ecology 27: 623 – 631.
  • Dalziel JM (1937). The useful plants of West Tropical Africa. Crown Agents for the colonies. London, 52 - 560.
  • Ferreira MI, Reinhardt CF, Rijst MVD, Marais A, Botha A (2017). Allelopathic root leachate effects of Lolium multiflorum x L. perenne on crops and the concomitant changes in metabolic potential of the soil microbial community as indicated by the biologecoplate. International Journal of Plant and Soil Science 19(5): 1-14.
  • Friedman J, Orshan G, Ziger-C fir Y (1977). Suppression of annuals by Artemisia berba-alba in the Negev desert of Israel. Journal of Ecology 65: 413-426.
  • Garg C, Sharma K, Sharma A, Ram K (2019). Effect of mannitol concentration on chilli genotypes. Global Journal of Bio- Science and Bio-Technology 8 (1): 15- 19
  • Gentili R, Ambrosini R, Montagnani C, Caronni S, Citterio S (2018). Effect of Soil pH on the Growth, Reproductive Investment and Pollen Allergenicity of Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. Frontier Plant Sciences 9: 1335.
  • Inderjit K, Callaway RM (2003). Experimental designs for the study of allelopathy. Plant & Soil 256: 1-11.
  • Kerharo J, Adam JG (1974). La Pharmacopie Senegalese Tradionelle. Pl. Med. et Tox. Vigot Freses, Paris.
  • Khalid AK, Cai W (2011). The effects of mannitol and salinity stresses on growth and biochemical accumulations in lemon balm. Acta Ecologica Sinica 31: 112- 120.
  • Khandakar AL, Bradbeer JW (1983). Jute seed quality. Bangladesh Agricultural Research Council.
  • Khan A, Ahmed M, Shaukat SS (2018). Allelopathy: an overview. FUUAST Journal of Biology 8(2): 331-350.
  • Khan A, Ahmed M, Khan A, Ahmed F (2020). Dynamics of highly disturbed pine species around Murree hills of Pakistan; A preliminary study. Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Science 57(6): 1597-1606.
  • Pawar B, Rawal K (2014). Influence of petal leachate of Delonix regia on germination and seedling growth of chick pea. International Journal of Current Research 6: 6983-6988.
  • Radhouane L (2007). Response of Tunisian autochthonous pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.) to drought stress induced by polyethylene glycol (PEG) 6000. African Journal of Biotechnology 6: 1102-1105.
  • Rawat LS, Maikhuri RK, Vikram K, Negi S (2013). Inhibitory effect of leachate from Helianthus annuus on germination and growth of Kharif crops and weeds. Acta Ecologica Sinica Elsevier. 33: 245–252.
  • Rice EL (1984). Allelopathy. 2nd ed. Acad. Press, New York, USA.
  • Ridenour WM, Callaway RM (2001). The relative importance of allelopathy in interference: the effects of an invasive weed on a native bunchgrass. Oecologia 126: 444–450
  • Salam IU, Ahmed M, Hussain F (2018). A Study of different parameters of osmotic potential compared with weed (Chenopodium Album) on wheat and Chickpea crop. Pakistan Journal of Botany 50(3), 963-967.
  • Shankar RM, Shanmugham V, Sirajunnisa R, Ramasamy R (2014). Effect of Allelochemicals from Leaf Leachates of Gmelina arborea on Inhibition of Some Essential Seed Germination Enzymes in Green Gram, Red Gram, Black Gram, and Chickpea. International School of Research Notiica, 1-7.
  • Wardle DA, Nicholson KS, Ahmed M (1992). Comparison of osmotic and allelopathic effects of grass leaf extracts on grass seed germination and radicle elongation. Plant and Soil 140: 315-319.
Toplam 26 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Saira Qadir 0000-0003-3142-0457

Iram Us Salam 0000-0002-7328-8311

Afsheen Khan 0000-0001-7557-5210

Ijaz Qureshi 0000-0002-3887-0007

Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Mart 2021
Gönderilme Tarihi 17 Şubat 2021
Kabul Tarihi 24 Şubat 2021
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2021Cilt: 4 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Qadir, S., Us Salam, I., Khan, A., Qureshi, I. (2021). A preliminary study on the comparison of inhibitory effects induced by PEG 6000 and Euphorbia hirta in two crop plants. Turkish Journal of Biodiversity, 4(1), 1-6. https://doi.org/10.38059/biodiversity.882005

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